Features of MODELLING AND DECORATION of CHILDREN's CLOTHING

Process modeling children's clothing consists of the same stages that the process of modeling clothes for adults. However, if the solution composition of adult clothing based on the stable proportions of normally developed figure, then the solution of the composition of children's clothing - building silhouette, fabric choice and finishes, determination of the nature of constructive and decorative lines, color, size and shape of the parts has its own laws which are dictated by the age features of body proportions of the figure and appearance of the child.
The silhouette of adult clothing is determined by the purpose, fashion, material and body type. 
In the simulation of all types of baby clothing has its own basic law: the dependence of the shape and silhouette of the clothing from the age peculiarities of the body. 
The most important factors in determining the silhouette, shape and length of children's clothes are the ratio of the size of the head and whole figure, the ratio of the length of the torso, arms and legs and the degree of viaveneto the natural waistline depending on age. 
On this basis, all children are conventionally divided into five age groups:
Years 
1 - nursery........................................ to 3 
2 - preschool.................................... 3 - 6 
3 - primary school.......................... 7 - 11 
4 - senior school (teenage)..12 - 15 
5 - youth.................................... 16 - 18

REQUIREMENTS FOR CHILDREN's wear 

All kinds of clothes for children must meet a whole complex of modern requirements to the utilitarian-practical, sanitary and artistic manner. 
We will consider each of these requirements.
It is obvious that the clothes should be useful: it warms you in the cold, creates coolness in the heat, protects against rain and bad weather. Therefore, clothing should be diverse in its range of forms, materials, color, to always be convenient, practical in a given situation - at home, school, summer camp, theatre, i.e. clothing should be appropriate. 
  Economic side children's clothing important due to the fact that children quickly wear out the clothes and quickly grow out of it. Therefore, it is recommended to use inexpensive fabrics and materials. The strength of the garment, i.e. the maximum wear time is ensured, on the one hand, tissue resistance to fading, washing, cleaning and Ironing, on the other - a proper design and precise technology of production of the product. 
  Hygienic properties of children's clothing can be achieved using thermally conductive, hygroscopic, breathable, lightweight materials, and its perfect design.
The thermal conductivity of the clothing is achieved due to the air trapped between the fibers of the fabric forming an air layer. The higher the stratum, the higher the thermal insulation properties of clothing. In the winter, for example, clothing that covers the body surface of the child 90 to 95%, creating an air layer, which retains heat. The multiple layers of winter clothing (underwear, dress, coat) contributes to a more slow and uniform loss of heat from the body surface.
It is equally important that the layer of air in contact with the body, evenly ventilated, otherwise the baby's body will be wet, which can cause disease. Therefore, air permeability and hygroscopicity - mandatory properties of a fabric, intended for children's clothing. 
Very delicate skin of children, quickly irritated and even inflamed from contact with some hard tissues. It is therefore necessary that the fabric from which sew children's clothes were soft and nice to baby skin.
No less important is the shape and fit of the garment. Nothing in the design should not interfere with the child, to irritate him, hinder freedom of movement, breathing, and circulation. Not recommended different kinds of tight belts and elastic bands, the elastic body, high tight collars, sustaining neck and interfere with normal circulation. Clothing should be light and to hold, largely on the shoulders. 
An important requirement for the hygiene is the cleanliness of the clothes; therefore. it is necessary that it is easily erased and gladiolas.
In different periods of the growth and development of utilitarian-practical and hygienic requirements are of unequal value: in the clothing of children of the same age is dominated by the demands of hygiene and Economics, in the other - requirements of comfort and practicality. 
To the artistic, or aesthetic, requirements include the beauty of colouring and drawing materials; the novelty and elegance of composition, corresponding to the age and physique of the child; stylistic unity in addressing individual items, from which you can make a balanced package and a whole ensemble of clothing.

REQUIREMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS AND DETAILS of CHILDREN's CLOTHING 

  Fabric, their color and pattern. The choice of tissue when modeling children's clothing should focus on. Properties, color, pattern and texture of materials depend on practical and aesthetic value of any kind of children's clothing.
Hygiene requirements best suited to knitted fabrics and cotton fabrics: they are breathable, hygroscopic, thermally conductive and lightweight. For summer children's clothing often use cotton, pique, Maya, calico, poplin, Voile, Mat and other cotton and linen fabrics and fine knitted fabrics. 
Clothes for winter design of flannel, satin, tartan, corduroy, sherstyanki, cashmere, thick knitted fabrics, light and loose wool and wool blend fabrics with high thermal conductivity.
Aesthetic requirements are met fabrics are vibrant, saturated or delicate color tones. 
For color fabric children's clothes should be clean and gentle shades. For children (especially young children) are characterized by contrasting, bright colors as rich, colorful combination to remember them faster. Therefore, the tissue in which the figure and box are in contrasting color combinations, most common in the assortment of fabrics for children's clothing.However, remember that an overly bright, saturated colors such as orange and bright red negative stimulating effect on the nervous system of the child, so they must be consumed in small amounts (yoke, collar and cuffs, hats and gloves, appliques, borders, belts, etc.).
  The pattern of the fabric and its content (subject), rhythm, scale, and fullness of the fabric is dictated by the age of the child, features of his physique, appearance and mental development. Because each age. share a certain perception of the world of things, animals and plants. So the fabric for children of a certain age need to choose such a picture that is understandable to the child, because the picture not only serves as a beautiful design of the fabric, but also has an educational burden, helps the child cognition of reality, establishing a taste for the beautiful, love of nature and animals.
For younger children it is necessary to choose fabrics with simple, clear and colorful picture of wildflowers (daisies, cornflowers, forget-me-nots), domestic animals and birds, forest creatures and characters of fairy tales and fables (bear, Bunny, squirrel, Fox), favorite toys, berries, and fruits, dragonflies, butterflies, etc. 
the fabric is soft suit for children older has a more complex content and form.
Drawings of geometric forms (stripes, cells, peas, rings, diamonds, triangles), as well as drawings by folk motives, imitating embroidery, weaving or lace patterns, are acceptable in clothing children of different ages. The simplicity and beauty of folk ornaments integrally combined with the simplicity and form of children's clothing. The most expressive character is transmitted folk figure in Kimovich tissues. 
The size of the picture should be small in proportion to the respective sizes of the product and all of the children's figure, as too large a pattern can visually distort the shape.
The simplicity and clarity of the pattern on the fabric stresses and fixed his clear-cut build. The most easy and acceptable rhythm pattern (especially for younger children) is chess. The rhythmic repetition of the pattern on the fabric helps to perpetuate its image in the memory of the child. The drawings, especially thematic, not properly fill the background with a tissue, otherwise it will be difficult for his perception of the child. 
  Length. Clothes can give shape, visual proportion, i.e., the most harmonious ratio between the size of the torso, head, legs and arms, make the baby more slender. A big role in this is length, which is determined in accordance with the age group. In the clothing length is relatively constant unlike changing under the influence of fashion length of the clothes of the adults.
Length girl dresses and trousers boys determine the proportions of the figure typical of every age group. Thus, the length of dresses and pants for toddlers and preschool age is very short: the bottom edge of the dress falls to the level of the pubis, the length of the pants comes just below. If you increase the length, the torso will be visually heavy, long, and the legs shorter.
In the group of primary school-age dresses and trousers become slightly longer, reaching to mid-thigh. The feet of children in this age group much longer, and why the ratio of length of legs and torso is changed. It is therefore necessary to lengthen the garment for a more harmonious combination of length and visible part of the legs.
Clothing length Teens and children of secondary school age respectively increases and reaches the upper boundary of the knee in the first and lower one the second. However, the length of the clothes of the children of these age groups greatly affected by the influence of fashion, hence the possible deviation of the length in one direction or another. 
  Flirty. Of great importance in the construction of form and in search of proportional division of a child's body has a yoke shoulder bodice. It can have diverse configurations and size and suggest the appropriate silhouette solution. So, the line short and Flirty divides the garment in the contrast ratio, the line extended coquette, in approximate ratio. In the same proportions occurs, and the articulation of the figure. High (short) Flirty visually makes the figure slimmer preschooler, and gathered on the edge of the yoke bottom part of the dress hides the belly bulge.
The yoke is constructive, and sometimes decorative item. With its help create the necessary volume forms, mandatory for the child. Morphogenesis is the formation of fabric ruffles, pintucks, pleats directly from the lower edge of the yoke. Often Flirty dress trim embroidery, applique, stitching; it is sometimes made of a different color and texture of materials. 
  Collars. A simple and clear form of the collar is a constant requirement of any kind of children's clothing. Artsy and sophisticated collars do not tally with the child's appearance. Age peculiarities of Constitution determine the degree of fit collars to the neck, ie, their cut, size and shape. Clothing younger children, having a short neck collars women's flat, without the stand, not attached to the neck. The larger the collar, the lower its adjacency to the neck.Large on the shoulders (wigraine) collars of the type sailor go well with dresses of all ages: from kids this collar corresponds to the size of the head, widens narrow shoulders and visually changes the ratio of the horizontal and vertical axes of the figure; the dress of children of secondary age, large collar lend a special elegance.
As elongation of the neck increases with age and the degree of fit of the collar, ie it increases its height (stand) and accordingly reduced its size.
An integral part of children's clothes are white collars, which will not only decorate and refresh it, but also teach children hygiene skills (to this end, they often make removable). Different collars can significantly change the appearance of the same dress or suit. For example, a large lace collar attached to the garment of solemnity and elegance, and a neat little collar - discipline and neatness. 
  Sleeves. The complex shape of the sleeves, their roughness does not comply with the children's appearance and body type, as well as complex collars. The shape and length of the sleeves in clothing change with the proportions of the figures: younger kids hands very short and plump, middle-aged and older long and thin with large hands. So children's clothing is dominated by long and short sleeves. Long sleeves are less common because in one case they create the impression that the PTA the child has grown out of the dress, in the other - emphasize the disparity of length and volume hands.
Long sleeves of any construction (casting, cap, jerseys) often decorated cuffs the strap, forming a small overlap. The growth and extension of the hand, the sleeve is lowered due to this overlap. Tight sleeves, tight in arm, uncomfortable for children, since they zatrudnit movement. 
  Finish. In modeling children's clothing finishes should be given great attention.
The nature of the finish, the quantity, the topics and methods of technological implementation are different depending on age. Finishing can include: hand and machine embroidery, lace, applique, braid, cord, fringe, soutache, stitching, knitwear, leather, fur. Design clothes are also edges, ruffles, flounces, pleats, pleated, white collars and cuffs. Especially widely used finish in the clothes of toddlers and pre-school groups. It is often themed applique or embroidery based on folk tales, flora and fauna.
Finishes in dresses and suits children of school age are decorative lines, color borders, patterned lace and Rick-rack, vertically and horizontally jotted folds and zasypki, ruffles and flounces. The embroidery is of a different nature than in the pre-school clothes. This geometric and floral ornamentation, often borrowed from folk motifs. 
Clothing school-age children applique and embroidery is used mostly in tracksuits or suits for labor (in the form of the emblem).
One of the techniques of decoration of clothes in the pattern of cells and lines is a game of the picture, i.e. the different location on the clothing items. 
Ornate trim dresses for girls of all ages is a frill. It enriches the compositional development of the model, gives the look of lightness, dynamism and expressiveness.
The nature of finishing top of clothing is different from the decorative light dresses. Outerwear is used in leather, velvet, cord, soutache embroidery, wool with lace, fur with embroidery (which gives a smooth transition from fur to fabric). Most often a finish on the add-ons clothing: hat, scarf, bag, or mittens. 
Remember that baby clothes should not be overburdened with decorative finishes. It is necessary to observe proportionality between the size and amount of decoration in it.