Clothes called the integument, which protects the human body from various adverse environmental influences. This items made from materials of plant, animal and synthetic origin.
Ranging from the distant past, clothes always accompanies the person. In material, shape and cut of clothes can be judged about the way of life of the person about climatic conditions in which he lives, his class and social status, cultural level and level of material well-being. Thus, we can say that a side of the material and social life are reflected in the clothes.
A collection of garments with shoes and various add-ons is suit.
Costume expresses most clearly the specific features of the development of societies and peoples. Climatic conditions, social structure, material-economic status, ethnicity, moral norms and aesthetic ideals - all this is reflected in the variety of dress forms.
Peoples of different countries all over the world have created and create their types of clothing, forming of them suits a specific type in which is expressed the national taste and understanding of beauty. The customs and ceremonies of the ethnic groups are also reflected in the nature of the suit.
Costume, like clothing, expresses not only national traits, he is also an individual characteristic of a person.
STYLE AND FASHION
Clothing exists for many millennia. Centuries passed, changed people's lives, and with it changed clothes.
Historical development of clothing and its changes due, on the one hand, the General style of the era, on the other - fashion.
Style in art is a stable community system of imagery and artistic expression, due to the unity of the ideological content of art. It is the art language of the era, its artistic characteristics. The main direction of the style of the era is manifested in the unity of the artistic features inherent in the architecture, fine and applied arts. Therefore, the style of clothing along with other works of applied art and expresses the General thrust of the style of a particular era.With the development of class relations, changes in ideology, culture and way of life of society changing forms and means of artistic expression, character, form and proportions of the clothes. So, the era of the ancient Greek culture was characterized by the assertion of the beauty and dignity of human beings, the fusion of the concepts of moral and physical perfection. A beautiful body was the expression of a great soul, they were looking on, he was portrayed sculptors, poets sang: "What could be more beautiful naked men, girl charms, dressed in a patterned fabric? .. Such people can see gods. And the gods are!"
The ancient Greeks had known the so-called Golden section - a sample of the harmony and proportionality of the parts of the subject. The property of the Golden ratio, they are widely used in architecture, in the creation of works of decorative art, including garment, expressing the beauty and dignity of the human hero, of the man-God. The style of the ancient Greek costume is a harmonic combination of fabric with the shape and the natural proportions of the human figure, expressed in an endless variety of folds and drapery, clothing, free flowing from his shoulders (Fig. 1).
In the middle ages when the Church dominated in all spheres of material and spiritual human life, formed a special character of the costume. Considered unworthy and sinful to enjoy the beauty of the human body, and he was dressed in bulky, heavy deliberately elongated, devoid of natural proportions and contours. Narrow at the top, with a cascade of complex folds and unusually long, heavy train this dress in combination with hats and shoes excessively elongated shape forced the woman to take an unnaturally straight line, uncomfortable, reclined torso posture (Fig.2). This costume was an expression of the General style of the era, manifested in the elongation of the sophisticated architectural forms soaring cathedrals of starch and frills of life, manners, and language of the nobility and clergy.
In the Renaissance interest in the person active, energetic and curious creates a new ideal of beauty, and therefore new character and uniforms. Women's clothing is more comfortable, more soft, feminine silhouette. Sleeve in a dress member of the slits, they consisted of parts of different shapes and volumes, repeating the style adopted in the architecture. The development of trade and crafts, the influx of wealth in the city has led to the abundance of clothes and jewelry, the variety of fabrics (heavy velvet, glittering brocade, satin, woollen cloth, furs, jewelry; Fig. 3).
The style of Western European art XVII - XVIII centuries (the Baroque) was formed under the influence of the flourishing of absolutism and aristocratic culture. The Baroque style was characterized by solemnity, grandeur, grandiloquent manner. In architecture it is manifested in the grandeur of the scale of both individual buildings and entire ensembles in the lush decoration of their external and internal design. In painting and sculpture were characterized by a striking decorative compositions, portraits, depicting a pompous nobles and ladies with a proud posture, drowning in the luxurious robes and jewels.The costume of the time conveyed the idea of grandeur and solemnity.
Outfit women differed in their size and contrast of shapes: slim, slender figure combined with a lush, dome-shaped skirt and a huge ruff. The abundance of expensive lace in conjunction with brocade, moire, velvet and satin, monumental forms of clothing did female figure, majestic and impressive (Fig. 4).
To have arisen and taken shape a particular style that he went through all the stages of its development and expressed in certain forms, firstly, it takes a long time and, secondly, its driving force must be powerful enough.
The evolution of civilization and society leads to the emergence in the twentieth century, clothing of a new type - light, compact, business. Undoubtedly, this sharp change occurred immediately, for a long time in clothes was preserved features of the costume of the NINETEENTH century But evolved from the costume of the previous century, the modern suit very soon becomes its opposite, it is small and comfortable, its shape is simple and easy. Disappeared artificial construct, creating exaggerated shapes and volumes of garments. All these symptoms revealed features of the new style of the twentieth century.
Within the rule of one style, there are always different modification, called a mod. So, in one style may change the proportions in an unchanged form, typical for this style of clothing (for example, the position of the waist line), there are new additions to clothing (hats, scarves, capes) or color combinations in a suit, changes the texture of the fabrics or the shape of individual pieces of clothing. In some cases, these changes go unnoticed, others are the basis for the emergence of new fashion, changing the established look of the costume, and hence the image of the man himself.Fashion is inherently dynamic. It appears the constant human desire to update and improve all that surrounds it, including clothes.
The modern suit does not deform the shape does not distort its proportions. However, with changes in the proportions of the garment and its silhouette every time creates a new way to see new sides of beauty of the human figure. Therefore, our clothing is then longer, then shorter, then, that wider. And the silhouette of our character, thus changing greatly lengthened, or done almost square.With a very short skirt so-called mini-fashion, established in the late 60-ies of our century, emphasizes the feet, their plasticity, revealed the rapidity and ease of the gait of young girls and young women. Elongated dress with a soft, as if flowing shape lines, on the contrary, brings to the appearance of femininity, lyricism and grace. Style women clothes our time is short skirt, tight-fitting or flared pants.The fashion for super-short - mid-thigh - clothes, as well as a long, mid-calf coat is only temporary, transient manifestation of this style.
Thus, each mode carries some features of the style of the era, involved in the formation of stylistic principles. Convenience, simplicity, and artistic and image expressiveness, limiting the variety of shapes and materials, the harmonious consistency of the form of appointment and material - that is,those features which characterize the formation of the Russian style costume. Change mod leads to the adoption of the style of our time.
THE DEFINITION OF SOME CONCEPTS CLOTHING
Such words like clothes, dress, costume, accessories, set, set, ensemble, wardrobe, toilet, very often used in our daily life. Each of them defines different concepts can be used in a narrower or wider meanings. For example, clothing, costume and dress - up concepts in use are very similar, but essentially different.
Currently, clothing call quite a variety of items: lingerie (chemises, combinations, underwear, bras, etc.); easy dress (dresses, pants, blouses, robes, etc.); top-dress (coat, jackets, jackets, capes, etc.), as well as hats, shoes, gloves, stockings. In the narrow sense of clothing called products of the apparel industry.
A set of clothing, including headgear, footwear, gloves, decoration, bag, etc., called the suit. This term refers to a certain kind of clothing consisting usually of a jacket and pants (mens suit) or jacket and skirt (women's costume).
Items that complement and adorn the costume, making it finished, are called accessoriesor add-ons. These include shoes, hats, scarves, bags, gloves, jewelry, etc.
The word "dress" also has two meanings. First, it is all clothes except underwear and shoes. Currently, the dress is divided into easy, put on underwear and top, worn over easy dresses. Secondly, the dress is called the most common type of women's clothing.
Toilet - the clothes, carefully chosen for character parts, expressing a certain purpose, together with shoes items, complementing and decorating the costume, combined with hair and makeup. Depending on the purpose of the toilet can be weekends, road, walk, etc.
Set call the set of objects a particular purpose, is made generally of the same material, for example a set of buttons and buckles, a set of jewelry (brooch, bracelet and earrings), lingerie, or knitwear (sweater and leggings, hat, scarf and gloves).
Kit is a set of several garments or add-ons to suit constituting a single complete whole. The sets include: skirt, sweater, and scarf; suit and blouse, a coat with a dress or suit; raincoat with a hat; shoes, bag and belt; parasol and gloves, etc. Kits can be made from the same or different materials in combination of different colors. They are for different purposes - travel, sports, beach etc.
The sum of all the parts of the costume with a certain artistic stylistic unity, is called the ensemble. All the items of the ensemble must be of uniform art style, harmonious in color, form and materials. Every object, being needed in there or another ensemble needs to identify the purpose of the ensemble in harmony with other items of the suit together with them to form a coherent whole.
Ensembles for a specific purpose can be created from the individual sets or kits.
Man creates his costume from the clothes that have in his possession, that is, of his closet. Thus, a cloakroom is the set of all clothing in use for one person or family.
Usually closet for the selection of things is spring-summer and autumn-winter. Summer things winter wardrobe from use are excluded, and Vice versa. Skillful and careful selection of individual wardrobe gives you the opportunity to make a range of beautiful, harmonious combinations of ensembles for various purposes.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF MODERN CLOTHING
Modern European clothing range, material, shape, cut and design are very diverse and classified in the following way.
Depending on the age and gender of the population clothing divided into men's, women's and children's(boys and girls). Children's clothing divided into clothes for toddlers, preschool, school and high school (teen) ages.
The division of the clothing based on age based on significant differences in morphology, proportions of the shape and appearance of people of different ages.
Depending on the season all the clothes are divided into summer, winter and demi-season, i.e. spring and autumn. Wearing clothes makes the materials used, shape, form and range of clothing.
Depending on the target destination, the clothes are divided into domestic, industrial, sports, uniform, spectacular.
To the household include home, casual, festive (dressy) clothes. Production (working) clothes are very diverse. Its shape and the materials used depend on the nature of work and production conditions. Clothing production is divided into professional and special. The appointment of professional clothing to protect from soiling, wear and damage to clothing or working to serve him proper clothing. Clothing made from special materials in strict accordance with the requirements of GOST; application: to protect workers from harmful influences at work (the costume of a miner, the worker of the chemical industry) or to ensure the performance of certain works in unusual conditions (suit diver, firefighter, astronaut). Sports clothing designed for athletes participating in competitions and Amateur athletes, spending time in the classroom in different types of sports; sports Clothing varies depending on sport (football, ski, tennis, Cycling etc.). Uniforms are divided into military (everyday and ceremonial), and departmental uniforms. Color, material, fit and the military and institutional clothing is defined by state standard. Spectacular clothes depending on the types and genres of performing arts are divided into theatrical, vaudeville, circus. For spectacular clothes also include fancy-costumes.
By way of the use of clothing is divided into lower, worn on the body, and the top, which is worn over the bottom garment (dress, skirt, coat, etc.).
Depending on what materials the clothes are made, it is divided into clothes from cotton, linen, silk, woolen fabrics and fabrics of artificial and synthetic fibers.
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