In-process wet-heat processing are irons of different weights and presses of different capacities (average, table, light).

Electric irons with a spiral tubular heating elements are widely used in the manufacture of garments of different fabrics and materials. Tubular heating element (heater) quickly and evenly heats the Ironing surface of the iron in the range from 100 to 250'C and the thermostat maintains a constant set temperature. The use of such irons eliminates the consumption of electricity heat iron and increases their efficiency in 2 - 3 times compared to irons with no thermostats.Due to the tightness of components lengthens the service life of iron and greatly decreases their value.

In table. 6 shows the characteristics of the Kuibyshev irons foundry-mechanical plant. 

Table 6 Characteristics of irons (temperature of the Ironing surface 100 and 250"C, the voltage of 220 V)

In the garment factories most operations, wet-heat processing is performed using presses that significantly improves the quality of work, increases productivity and facilitates the work of the worker. On process flow of making clothes are different presses with pneumatic, hydraulic and Electromechanical actuators. As the heating medium for heating the working bodies of the press (the top and bottom of cushions) are used, steam and electricity. The choice of coolant depends on the technological requirements of processes for wet-heat processing of products.So, the quality processing of fabrics with chemical fibers is improved with the use of steam presses, steam is supplied to the working parts of the press that simultaneously heats and hydrates the cushion fabric, which contributes to the rapid heating of the fibers and speeds up compression.

However, steam presses have a low temperature heating cushions (115 - 120'C), determined by vapor pressure (no more than 3 kgf/cm), which provides an intensive supply of heat at the time of drying of fabrics, and the product after pressing is wet, steam presses you cannot change the temperature of the pillows of the press, depending on the appearance of the treated tissue. In addition, the presence of steam makes the press cumbersome, hindering the restructuring process streams.

By electrical heating of the working bodies of the press use the heating effect of electric current, which allows you to adjust the temperature depending on the processed fabrics.

Compared to steam presses Electrobras much less the lack of sophisticated supply steam lines makes them more maneuverable. However, when the electric heating with the help of helical elements is not ensured the uniformity of heating of pillows press (higher temperature under the heating spirals than between them), which negatively affects the quality of the pressing. In addition, the hydration of the processed tissues such presses is sprayed with water, which does not provide the uniformity of hydration.

Currently, in the manufacture of equipment for the wet-heat treatment of products use a mixed supply of heat, steam and electricity. In this case, the steam is consumed in hydration of the treated tissue and electric heating creates the desired temperature of the working bodies of the press. The application of steam-steam presses, vacuum suction of the residual moisture of the product increases as the wet-heat treatment during compaction. 

 Steam hydraulic press PGP-1 (Fig. 11) is designed for in-process and finishing (final) heat-wet processing of fabrics of any group containing natural and chemical fibers. 

Technical characteristics of the press PGP-1 

Performance cycles per hour ................. 70 - 100 
pressing Force, kgf ............................. 1000 - 2000 
heating Temperature, 'C: top pillows..... 80 - 200 
heating Temperature, 'C: bottom cushion........ 152 

 Press easy pneumatic PLP-2 (Fig. 12) is designed for in-process and finishing heat-wet processing of fabrics suiting the group. 



Technical characteristics of the press PLP-2 

Performance cycles per hour ................ 70 - 100 
pressing Force, kgf ................................. 1000 
heating Temperature, 'C: top pillows.... 80 - 200 
heating Temperature, 'C: bottom cushion...... 120 

 average pneumatic Press PSP-2 (Fig. 13) is designed for in-process and finishing the wet-heat treatment of products coats group. 

Technical characteristics press PSP-2 

Performance, cycles per hour ................ 70 - 100 
pressing Force, kgf ................................ to 2000 
Temperature, 'C: top pillows.... 80 - 200 
heating Temperature, 'C: bottom cushion...... 140 

 Press pneumatic steam PP-0,5 - for the final wet-heat processing of products suiting, coats and dresses groups. 

 Press to stivania landing sleeves on the armholes: SPR-1 is in street clothes for adults; SPR-2 - clothing for children of school age; SPR-3 - clothing for preschoolers. 

 Press THEN 3 for adhesive shoulder areas and okatov sleeveless coats and jackets. 

All these presses are equipped with an individual steam generators and vacuum suction vapor, so can be used in garment factories and ateliers that do not have Central systems for production of compressed air, steam and vacuum. 

When the wet-heat treatment of garment presses (Fig. 14) use cushions of various types, shapes and sizes, which are set depending on the operation being performed.

The workpiece is placed between cushions, equipped with preparepage device; the upper cushion is lowered, the product is steamed, pressed and dried. Then press open, and the upper cushion automatically returns to its original position. 

The top pillow has electric heating, the bottom is heated by steam and has a device to exhaust residual moisture from the tissues. 

 Pillow RPS serves to resoluzione straight seams (middle back seam of the coat, side seams in the product, straight cut, weld grinding belt, etc.). The seam of the product is placed on a bottom cushion of the press, moisturize, reveal the small iron, and then close the pillow press. 

 Pillow MMP-2 and SPB-1 used to stivania shelves and side strips at the chest. Two presses with cushions SPP-2 (separately for the left and right shelves) produce sutivana shelves men's coat. Sutivana shelves in the chest area of jackets and women's coats is performed on a single press with cushion SPB-1. On the bottom cushion of the press stack the shelves with the wrong side up, side sections into a working. Sections of the sides should be parallel to the front edge of the lower cushions. The resulting slack of the fabric uniformly distributed on the sections of the lapels and armholes. Shelves moistened and compressed.When stivania side strips they put the hair inside, have to press the side sections into a working, moistened and pressed.

 Pillow RSB used to resoluzione seams, grinding of the sides. On the lower pad placed seam, smoothing the sharpened on the end area of the lapel. Seam moisturize, reveal the small iron and pressed. 

 Pillow BP-1 designed to autoimune the folds of the pants and final Ironing. At the left end of the pillow is cut along the middle seam, allowing you to correctly position the pants and press the pleats. Pants laid on the pillow cuffed right of working, combining side and stepping seams from the bottom hem to the line of the knee and iron bends: side stepper seams on each half of the pants separately, but with the side seams on both halves of the pants together. At the same time priorivet cuffs. 

 Universal cylindrical cushion AFP is used to Ironing the top men's coat before connecting with the lining. Coat placed wrong side up on the pillow press, the bottom right of the working Board right shelves working. Moving product in the direction of running, consistently pressed Board, tuck the right side seam, medium seam of the back, slit on left side seam, tuck, Board left the shelves. When the pressing convex part of the shelves in the breast area must be left outside of the pillow.The bottom coat is pressed in two steps: first the left front and left half of the back, then the right half of the back and the right shelf.

 Pillow RLS used to resoluzione elbow joints. On the pillow put. at the same time the two arms so that the elbow joints were placed in the middle of the pillows. Elbow seams moisturize and reveal a small iron, lower the top a pillow and pressed both seams simultaneously. Razoruzhenie stitches on the press provides a good fit of the sections of the joint and the correct form of the sleeves. 

Also shown in Fig. 14 cushions are used, and others. 

 Universal cylindrical cushion CC2 for hot parts, machined edge seams, valves, cuffs, Pat, pull-tabs, bottom of sleeves in finished form, the upper collars, the slots of the back coat, etc. Prutivka of parts is carried out after laying on the bottom cushion of the press. 

 Spherical universal pad USP-1 for priotkryvaya the top of the pants and final pressing of jackets and etc. Pressing the upper part of the trousers are produced in 3 - 4 divided doses, depending on the size of the pants. When Ironing the final product laid on the pillow face up and are pressed in the following sequence:
the lapel and part of the right shelves, positioning the product at an angle of 45' to the center line of the cushion the bottom right of the working; 
the starboard, the bottom of the jacket and a pocket, positioning a product the right side from the running, the bottom of the product to the right; the 
middle seam of the back and the bottom of the jacket, placing the product right from the running Board; 
the left side, the bottom of the jacket and a pocket, positioning the bottom of the product to the left from working;
the lapel and part of the left shelves, positioning the product at an angle of 45' to the center line of the cushion the bottom left of working; 
stand collar and lapels iron (in two steps).

 Universal cylindrical cushion MC-1 for final Ironing of collars, lapels, collar and bottom of coat. Details moisturize, straighten the edges and pressed the left side - the side shelves, bottom shelves and left the left half back - from the front side, bottom right half back and right shelves - front-side, starboard - side shelves, lapels and a collar in two steps (right lapel and collar to the middle, the second part of the collar and the left lapel). 

 Pillow RITCH to resoluzione shoulder seams and seam vrachevanie the bottom of the collar to the neckline. 

 Pillow OMV for tutuianu the cuffs and collar and OPS - front and back finished men's shirts. 

 The steam-air dummy PVM-5 - for the final wet-heat processing of products. The principle of operation is based on the sequential action of steam and hot air from the inside of the product worn by the mannequin; as a result steaming (moist), shaping and drying of the product. In addition, steam brush removable Lasy and samini remaining after in-process wet-heat treatment of parts.

The processing of the product on the mannequin is produced in the following way: the product worn on the fabric shell of the manikin; the side, the slits and slots are fixed with clamps. After that, the inside of the dummy via valve served steaming saturated steam, which moisturizes and straightens his samini on the product. Then stops the supply of steam and hot air, which dries the product,fixing its shape and giving it a finished presentation. The finished product is removed from the dummy.

On steam-air dummies are treated children's, men's and women's outerwear, women's dresses and articles of water-repellent fabrics (coats, jackets, etc.).

In TSNIISHP designed and manufactured a two-position universal dummy PVM-5, which has been used successfully in Leningrad sewing Association "salute", "Pervomayskaya Zarya", "Bolshevik". The advantages of this dummy are: higher productivity, better quality, wet-heat processing, absence of overstitching devices, the release of press equipment and more efficient use of production space. 

Technical characteristics of steam-air dummy 

output per shift, products.... 200 - 250 
Duration of steaming, with ......... 4 - 7
The drying time, .................... 10 - 16 
the Mass of the dummy (weight), kg............................ 370 
Fabric layer ............................. Calico art. 69