The flow of the beat is a pre - calculated average length of time spent on organizational operation or processing of the products per one worker.
The flow of the beat (t) is determined based on the processing time of products, output of products per shift and the number of workers, i.e., t = T/N where T is the processing time of one product taken from the process sequence of the processing of the product; N is the number of workers employed in the stream.
You can define the flow of the beat and by the formula t = TSM/M, where TSM is the length of the working day; M - flow rate, or a given output of products per shift.
The number of workers of an existing enterprise is taken equal to the actual number of workers employed in the process. The number of workers in the design of a new enterprise or revamping an old one is determined by calculation according to the formula N = Cu.m/DAC, where the CD.m - the number of jobs posted in a given area; CEB - the average number of jobs per worker involved in the flow.
The average number of jobs depends on the number of backup jobs in the stream, and the presence of operations that are performed by a single worker at two jobs (for example, two specmachin, two presses), and the equipment that it takes more than one workplace (for example, heavy presses, automatic brush, steam-air dummies, etc.).
The experimental data, the average number of jobs in threads per worker are: 1,10 - 1,15 - for the manufacture of linen and lightweight women's dresses; 1,15 - 1,2 - for the manufacture of various costumes; 1,20 - 1,25 - for making a coat.
For streams where the widely used press (manufacture coats, suits), the number of jobs per person increases by 4 to 5%, i.e. in most cases to increase the productivity of each worker serves at least two presses. The number of jobs can be set depending on the size of the production facilities by the formula Cu.m = PM/S, where POM - production area, m2; S is the norm square that is installed for a single flow, m2.
Design Institute of light industry are recommended for new buildings following the norms of space per worker, based on the basic range of garments (m2):
Coats, suits, wool...... 5,5 - 6,0
Dresses, shirts for men ......... 5,0 - 5,5
Finishing section.................. 9,0 - 10
For existing facilities we recommend the following standard norms of space per industrial worker in the sewing shops for the types of flows and groups of products (table. 19).
Table 19 Typical standard of space per worker, m2
| Group of products |
Flow types |
| non-conveyor |
conveyor, aggregate-group |
| Coats for adults and children of school age |
5,0 |
5,8 |
| Other types of outerwear, shirts for men and boys of school age |
4,3 |
5,2 |
| Dress, underwear and headwear |
4,0 |
4,8 |
Preliminary length of the production line is set by the formula Lп.l = Lш.R.m x Cu.m x DAC where Lш.R.m - step workplace.
We recommend the following step sizes of jobs (m) for some products:
Coat................. 1,25 - 1,3
Suits, dresses.. 1,20 - 1,25
Linen.................. 1,15 - 1,20
On the basis of quantum of flow determines the estimated flow rate - estimated production per shift.
If you specify the release of products in the quarter or year, the power flow change in M = In/MTC, where the release of products in quarter, year; KD - the number of working days in the quarter, year; n - number of shifts per day.
The most important condition for the smooth operation of flows is high technological and labor discipline of the performers, the timely provision of benign cut and subsidiary materials, smooth operation of equipment and machinery.
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