GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT CLOTHING

Clothing has emerged, apparently, in the earliest stages of human development. Archaeological scrapers, bone needles and other objects of the Paleolithic suggest the possibility that the man was able to produce the clothes, or its prototypes, even during the ice age. 
In his work "Dialectics of nature" F. Engels wrote that "... the transition from the uniform of the hot climate of the original homeland in colder countries, where a year lasts between summer and winter, created new needs, the needs in housing and dress for protection from cold and damp".
Thus, one of the reasons for the emergence of clothing should be considered the need to protect the human body from harmful climatic and atmospheric influences, especially cold. This is confirmed by the facts of the rapid development of clothing in countries with cold and temperate climate and underdevelopment, and at times complete absence (in the backward peoples) clothing in countries with hot climate.
But necessary condition for the emergence of clothing is the work of man, as the main driving force in the development of society as a whole. For the first time (a reflex, the result of a long repeated action) by means of ties, clips or fasteners of man is firmly secured to the body a material, which in primitive times were skins and raw fibres of plants, in order to free their hands for work. Later, the clothing gets its further development. Individual items and types of clothing emerged under the influence of various causes;religious beliefs, the desire to emphasize sex, age, social and other differences.
Thus, clothing is a collection of covers, completely or incompletely covering the torso and upper extremities of a person. 
On the clothing is one means to protect the human body from the adverse effects of nature and is always associated with any human activity. 
The basic types of clothes should be considered: the skin is the veil, covering the shoulders, back and chest of the person, from which subsequently developed the upper body garment (cloak, tunic, shirt) and hip covering, from which evolved waist dress (skirt, pants).
Material for clothing was served: in countries with rich tropical vegetation - bark, leaves and fibers of plants, and in the band with harsh climates, where vegetation was poor and people were engaged in hunting and fishing, animal skins, bird feathers and skin of the fish.
Later the material for clothes began to get from animal products (wool) and plant fibers: flax, cotton, hemp. The original method of producing more complex materials for clothing were weaving. Then, with the invention of spindles, spinning wheels, and especially the loom, with the development of weaving, using materials from fibers of plant and animal origin has increased considerably.
As its development, the garment takes on the characteristic differences and values. The development of the clothing are inseparable from the overall development of human society, economy, social life, culture and production methods. 
From a simple means of protecting the human body from external influences of nature, how clothes were in the earliest stages of human development, the development of technology and culture, clothing has become the object of applied art, a certain kind of art.
At the same time with the protective and utilitarian functions of clothing have got social, psychological, aesthetic and other values. All this has led to a huge variety of shapes and styles of clothing, its decorative details and finishes.
To meet its purpose and basic utilitarian requirements, the clothes could be just a piece of cloth, hides with holes for head, arms and legs, to be comfortable and serve the purpose of protection from external influences of nature. However, human society throughout the history of their culture sought to give the clothes a variety of shapes, cuts, finishes, decoration, guided by specific requirements.
The nature and forms of clothing reflects the life and development of human society, its structure of everyday life, their national and artistic culture. This is its historical significance as the character art and other features of clothing style occurs on the grounds of socio-economic development of society, ideology, culture and way of life of a certain epoch.
The era that created the style, one characterized not only by the scope of artistic activities and success of individuals-artists. In the definition of style is crucial to the inner unity of all artistic creation: architecture, fine and applied arts. Hence the style of clothing, as well as other works of applied art (utensils, furniture, fabrics), you'll be the same orientation, which is manifested in the development of fine art and architecture.By purchasing your style, clothing is thus part of the history of material and artistic culture of human society.
Developing, wear distinctive differences, so there was a national dress. With the development of class relations clothing gets a new meaning. It reflects not only external differences, but also the conditions of work and life of people of different classes. 
Clothing of feudal lords, rural population, artisans and clergy, the bourgeoisie and the workers had sharp differences in the cut, material, decorations.
Historical facts confirm that there was a time when legislative measures were installed wearing class: the bourgeoisie, artisans, peasants could only wear clothes of a certain cut, installed fabrics, and colors. In ancient Rome, belonging to a particular class emphasized color. Farmers could use only one color, the officers - two colors, court three and the members of the Imperial family wore clothes of seven colors. In feudal Russia was clothing (e.g. fur coats), which was worn only by the nobility.In France and Germany the lower orders were forbidden to make clothes of expensive fabrics, especially bright colors. "Know" and wanted the appearance to differ from the lower classes. This affected the desire of the ruling class to consolidate its position as the Shine and magnificence, to create the impression of its power, authorities, a special origin. This desire to stand out is held throughout the development of the clothing of the feudal nobility in different eras. The goals of separation and isolation in a special caste served as clothes of the clergy, the military, officials.
The bourgeoisie (first trade a merchant, then industrial) struggling for political power, at the same time fought for the abolition of legislative restrictions in wearing a suit. With the growing importance of the bourgeoisie no longer laws on the wearing of a suit by the estates, established bourgeois democracy to suit. In principle, everyone can wear what he wants, but only the privileged classes have the opportunity to distinguish yourself frequent change of costumes and their wealth.
The great October socialist revolution opened a new era in the development of art, the further development of the costume. Our era - the era of socialist, and now Communist reorganization of life - requires a different social expression-suit of clothes. 
Our clothes reflect the real Soviet democracy, the growth of material well-being of workers, aesthetics and culture. 

FASHION IN CLOTHING (SUIT) 

  Appearance of fashion. A huge role in the development and formation of various types of clothing plays a fashion.
In the distant past, soldiers returning from war with other Nations and trade people brought various items of material culture, including clothing. Thus, they contributed to the development and dissemination of various forms of clothing.
In cities of medieval Europe, which were developed crafts, trade, where more clearly revealed class relations, and originated in fashion. The fashion spread has accelerated with the advent of fashion magazines. The birthplace of fashion magazines believe the city Lyon in France. In 1679 there was published a small magazine called "Mercur galant dedie a Monseigneur Le Douphin". In this magazine described the wedding of Princess Marie-Louise of Orleans with the king of Spain Charles II application Truwest engravings depicting the costume of the bride. It was the first fashion image of the first fashion magazine.Privilege for the publication of the journal was given by Louis XIV to the Chevalier de Visa in 1677
In Russia, the first magazine devoted to fashion, was "Trendy monthly publication or the Library for ladies 'toilet", published under Catherine II in 1779. The magazine consisted of engravings and fictional literature. The magazine is attributed to N. I. Novikov. 
Before proceeding to the consideration of the problem of fashion, it is necessary to clarify what is fashion. 
  The definition of fashion and its main features. Definition fashion is a lot, but it can be boiled down to two basic concepts are different from each other. 
  First concept: fashion is something that has at a certain time the most widespread, the most popular and recognized by most.
  Second, the concept: fashion is short-lived dominance in a particular social environment of certain flavors, which are manifested in external forms of life, especially in costume (Dal). 
The total of these two concepts is manifested in the systematic change of fashion and its popularity and recognition of the majority.
The difference from the first second of the concepts indicates the presence of different flavors in certain segments of the society. Disappear class distinction will disappear and the second concept on fashion. 
For practical life it is seen that in human society is the pursuit of the common forms of suit adopted for a particular period of time. The presence of this community does not exclude a large variety of clothes.
Common forms of clothes for everyone,period of time, it's easy to catch. Well, you can figure out which clothing belongs to 20, 30, 40 years of this century. Specialists-historians on this basis, the dated clothes, fabrics, utensils and other objects with accuracy up to several years. 
That is what the presence of common forms for some time and expresses fashion in costume, clothing. 
The most important feature of fashion is change mod. With the advent of each new fashion clothes and other items characteristic of the earlier fashion, partially and sometimes to a very great extent, lose its aesthetic value, along with the monetary value. This fact has important aesthetic and economic value in the conditions of our socialist society. 
Based on the above, fashion should be considered a change in the applied arts, especially in costume, which comes from the natural desire of people to update forms due to the continuously changing needs, including aesthetic and General development of human society. 
Objects of applied art, in particular clothing, are a unity of content and form. Under the content refers to: the use of clothing, the aesthetic requirements of clothing, artistic quality. Moreover, the shape of the garment is dependent on its content.
If you take any specific content-the purpose of clothes, he will satisfy only certain forms. But as people in their development, changing all the time (changed his mind, needs, culture), something is changing and the use of clothing associated with human activities, i.e. changing the content and modifying the content will inevitably change shape. So there is a process that is perceived as fashion. This development of the clothes is evident in the almost continuous sequence and are not repeated here.
Fashion is determined by the emergence and then dominance in a certain period of time, e.g. season, new uniforms, new fabrics, materials, finishes. 
The main feature that defines fashion, this is novelty. 
Thus, the aesthetic essence of fashion is change and novelty. 
Previously mentioned, it is a change of fashion, namely with the loss of aesthetic value remaining in used clothing, and and its monetary value.
Material losses associated with partial or complete depreciation of outmoded clothing, are forced to sell clothes at reduced prices or to alter it. 
If the clothes continue to carry in its original form, sharply reduced aesthetic satisfaction which it gave to the emergence of new fashion.
Certain losses from the emergence of new fashion bears and the national economy. These losses are that part of the produce unsold last season, have to overestimate and to sell at a significant markdown. Do not buy clothes because she has gone out of fashion. This economic phenomenon is conventionally called moral depreciation. 
Moral but rather aesthetic depreciation of clothing, available to the public and remaining unsold in the shops, in the result of periodic changes in fashion is the major cause of material losses.
Material losses may arise from the underestimation of the change phenomenon of fashion. 
The fact that the requirements that result from the change of fashion periodically put before the industry, are categorical in nature. New fashion refuses, for example, from long-pile fur and smooth requires a short-fur, does not recognize the crepe de Chine and recommends other tissue. 
Along with the negative phenomena of fashion tends to encourage workers in the industry in search of new forms of clothing, new materials, methods of work.
Thus, the material losses in the national economy can be avoided, if the industry in a timely manner will take account of the changes in fashion and made the appropriate adjustment. 
The features of the Soviet fashion system and its periodic changes in the conditions of socialism, of course, has undergone some changes. These changes concern mainly the social side of content of suit: rejection of alien ideas, extravagant, fanciful forms, etc.
The changes relate to the frequency shifts of modes, and how changing the fashion we did not artificially accelerated, as in the capitalist countries, and based on the reasonable desire of people to update your clothing. And this is when there is a sufficient variety of forms of clothing greatly increases the validity of fashion. A Communist society aims at the satisfaction of reasonable needs of the entire population and not needs at all. And frequent change of fashion, a premature withdrawal from the sphere of mass consumption of clothes, of course, is beyond reasonable and relates to the manifestation of luxury.
From the above we can conclude that our domestic simulation is considered with the fashion, as a phenomenon in which a certain period of time, certain forms of clothing are popular, widely recognized.Soviet modeling, not opposed to every year, every season introduced new, fashionable form of dress if they are modern, beautiful and rational, do not take the specific characteristics of fashion that it has in a capitalist society, which is in contradiction with the conditions of the economy, ethics and aesthetics of a socialist society rejects those the features of fashion, which cause a systematic, so-called moral depreciation of clothing.
  The process of creating fashion. We should look at the provisions defining the origin and change of fashion. Mistakenly believed that all the nuances of fashion is not dependent on its creators, but due to such objective reasons, which exclude any deviation from its rules. Of course, the overall development of forms of clothes is not accidental, but is determined by objective laws of development of society. Similarly, in the periodic changes in the mod are a serious socio-historical reasons. All this is true only in those cases when it comes to major changes to the uniforms, ie.a sharp change of fashion, not those small changes of clothing items in the same fashion that occur in the clothing continuously, annually.
Changes to small parts of the finish within the established General forms of clothing depend on the aesthetic tastes of individuals, in their own way of understanding and expressing fashion. It's the novelty that arises as a result of differences in tastes of people, individuals, groups and classes.
Fashion create fashion designers and the success of their work depends on the right understanding of fashion trends. But their proposals become a fashion only when they receive recognition. Is a kind of selection process for the new, which in result of many small changes, turns in the end in honor of all the new uniforms. This creates a fashion.
It is interesting to note the certainty of the development of fashion, its beginning and end. Usually the novelty of form is perceived at first in its pure structural form. Then gradually due to aging fashion begins to "grow into" different offers new decorative solutions while in the end will remain alive until the end. After that there is a new fashion.
In the beginning of the rise of fashion can Express the most significant, a style, and only later, when the results of the quest are fixed and accepted, there are various options and combinations of fashion. At the same time grope the way for future changes.
Fashion emerges and spreads through the human desire for unity of ideas, needs in a common artistic language, constantly want to feel the passage of time. Here are only some private changes in fashion can't be explained by any objective changes in the field of public relations or social conditions as they are a product of the personal tastes of people.
Changes in life have a great influence on the evolution of forms of clothes, however, between changing fashion and changing conditions there is no direct relationship. Changes in life happen gradually, and change in fashion - most often dramatically, by leaps and bounds. 
  The use of foreign experience. Affects the development of fashion, its origin and change, and what in the world now there are two fashion trends: the socialist and capitalist countries. We have to reckon with the phenomenon of their interaction. You cannot dissociate itself from forms of clothing adopted in the West, and from the change of these forms. Yes, and this can be done. The development of international relations. "trade, tourism, exchange of fashion magazines, literature has an effect on the development of our fashion and Vice versa. 
The enclosure, moreover, is unreasonable, as the foreign experience model there are many beneficial to us, rational.
Using the experience of foreign fashions, new fabrics, finishes, materials, processing methods, and more, need to discard at the same time, the alien features of the foreign fashion (the fancifulness, extravagance and frequent changes of fashion, artificial acceleration of the change of fashion, etc.). 
The change of fashion in all countries, including in our country, going in the same direction. This does not mean that wear in countries with different social systems are the same, but the difference is not caused by fashion, and the different conditions in the lives of people, the ideological direction of the garment. 
  The nature of modern fashion. According to the degree of the fashionable clothes can be divided into the following groups:
1. Clothing, made according to the latest proposals of fashion ("the scream" fashion). 
2. Clothing recommended as a fashion for the current season, of the year. 
3. Clothing of yesteryear classical forms, continuing to be fashionable. 
4. Clothes, outmoded, old-fashioned.
What kind of clothes is in trend and what has become old-fashioned, largely depends on those associations which every year prepare, discuss, take decisions on all matters of fashion and announce them to the public through fashion magazines, radio, television, exhibitions etc. the Task lies in the fact that these decisions were made on the basis of a serious, comprehensive study of the question from the point of view of economy and aesthetics.This means that the decisions must account for how widespread these forms of clothes to transfer them into the category of "not fashionable" and the "old-fashioned" was not made prematurely and mechanically and to form of clothes, called "the latest fashion" could exist more than a year, though not as the latest fashion. These organizations must give advance warning that is on the order of exit of fashion. Each mode expresses the substance of style characteristic of a certain time.
It's safe to say, fashion is the line that fashion is color, fashion is a clothing style (sporty, classic, and others), fashion is a cut detail, trim, etc. and all this will be true if novelty.
If you follow the development of fashion, it can be noted that until the thirties of our century, a fashion developed based on a single silhouette. This does not mean that the clothes were uniform, and all wore the same dresses, suits, coats, but a variety of garments is achieved only internal solutions of a silhouette. This silhouette is usually carried out a single cut. Only in the 30-ies of our century, a trend has developed a variety of solutions silhouette, and after 1945 - 48. at the same time there were a few different forms. This quality new fashion has given the option of choosing.Before that, fashion was forced to wear something that sometimes didn't match the particular person, so don't use fashion, and just followed her. So, in 1925, the ideal of female beauty was a boyish figure with no waist, flat chest. Then first appeared shirtdress knee. And since it was the only fashionable silhouette, these dresses were all women, young and old, thin and full. Clearly, this trendy silhouette is not consistent with the figures complete and older women, but despite the long resistance they had to wear these dresses.
Built on a single silhouette and is mostly on a single cut fashion of yesteryear differed overload finishes, small parts, etc. 
But slowly, fashion began to develop on a new principle with one the existence of several different silhouettes United by a common stylistic direction. 
The modern fashion with the variety of silhouettes is always concise in his decision, based on the variety cut. 
Clothing has a simple and clear form.
The advantage of modern fashion, comfortable, based on the natural proportions with a variety of forms - obviously. Now a woman, and a man of any age, with any body type can follow fashion, i.e. to choose a form that is more suitable to the shape, age, and class, is more like it. You only need to know the traits that unite these diverse forms of silhouettes.
At the same time, fashion is not all perceived equally and unconditionally. Young people very quickly and often criticizes the fashion and the pursuit of emphatic expressiveness sometimes exaggerate it. Taste is a sense of proportion. The taste education of youth should also facilitate industry and trade, who manufacture and sell clothing. It is important that for young people, it was done so tastefully that even in the absence of personal experience will not allow the youth to choose something inappropriate.Older people have already established a taste, they can create your individual look when choosing clothes. Established taste - the phenomenon positive, though not always, it is good. In addition, the Mature years are fraught with conservatism and fear of new.
Nowadays, fashion is closely linked to the industrial production of mass goods: clothes, shoes, accessories, jewelry and more. Simple clear forms of modern clothing have specific art requirements for industrial production. The popularity of modern fashion requires the consideration of different types of people according to body type. And this is taken into account. Annually offers several new silhouettes, shapes, fit for different figures. 
The industry started manufacturing clothes according to age groups, taking into account completeness (the ratio of the measurements of chest, waist, hips).
Perusing magazines in recent years, you may notice that most of the proposed models has clearly pronounced age-related signs (except clothes for children and youth). It is not so much a feature of modern fashion, its mass character, as the reluctance of people to reveal your age.
Mass fashion also can not interfere with the manifestation of the individual character of the costume. The women desire to be dressed not only fashionable, but also individually unique, not like others, can be carried out based on selection of different items that complement the clothes and create an ensemble. In the ensemble you can enter details, add-ons, expressing the taste of this woman, her individuality.
Significant changes in the development of society, its needs and aesthetic taste led to the emergence of new principles of development of our fashion. Without claiming to be complete generalization, it is possible to make important for us to practical conclusions. 

1. Along with the democratization of life and the development of the fashion industry loses its narrow class character and ceases to be the privilege of one class. Today we can speak about establishment of fashion only when it is taken not thousands, but millions of people. 

2. The basis of the aesthetic development of fashion is novelty.

3. Fashion is determined by the unity of their stylistic peculiarities, the artistic requirements. 

4. The presence of stylistic features, the characteristics in each mode, a variety of forms, allows you to extend the existence of fashion, so that the greatest possible number of people to her aesthetic satisfaction. 

5. The modern fashion with the existence of a big difference of costumes as intended and considerable diversity of their forms differs utmost simplicity. 

6. Fashion utilitarian account of practical requirements to suits various purposes.

7. Fashion meets people of different build, allowing the simultaneous existence of a number of shapes and silhouettes suit. 

8. Fashion does not prevent people to show their individual features, in spite of its mass character. 

9. Mass fashion attracts the attention as a means of educating aesthetic taste of people. 

10. Due to the change of fashion, the human form becomes attuned to its time, is updated. 

Each new fashion as novelty, sometimes full of contradictions to the previous fashion. The contradiction of fashion is the basis of development of modern costume.